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Karakterisasi Kromosom Tumbuhan dan Hewan

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Teknik karakterisasi kromosom merupakan suatu metode untuk mempelajari sifat-sifat kromosom dari suatu spesies. Karakterisasi kromosom sering digunakan dalam penelitian di bidang genetika, biodiversitas, pemuliaan tanaman, kesehatan, forensik, dan bidang lainnya yang menggunakan data dari kromosom. Manfaat karakterisasi kromosom di antaranya dapat mengetahui formula karyotype suatu spesies, mutasi pada struktur maupun jumlah kromosom, kelainan genetik yang terjadi pada suatu individu, dan bentuk evolusi organisme.\r\nDAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR........................................................................v DAFTAR ISI...................................................................................vii BAB I GENETIKA DASAR............................................................1 1.1. Definisi Genetika.............................................................1 1.2. Sejarah Perkembangan Genetika...................................2 1.2.1. Zaman Pra-Mendel (sebelum Abad XIX)................2 1.2.2. Zaman Mendel (1822–1884)..................................2 1.2.3. Zaman Pasca-Mendel (setelah Tahun 1900)...........2 BAB II MENDELIAN.......................................................................5 2.1. Hukum Mendel..................................................................5 2.1.1. Hukum Mendel I (Segregation of Allelic Genes).....6 2.1.2. Persilangan Monohibrid..........................................6 2.1.3. Hukum Mendel II (Independent Assortment of Genes).................................................................6 2.1.4. Persilangan Dihibrid.................................................7 2.2. Gen...................................................................................7 2.3. Alel....................................................................................8 BAB III KROMOSOM.....................................................................10 3.1. Struktur Kromosom.........................................................10 3.2. Tipe Kromosom...............................................................13 3.3. Kromosom Manusia.........................................................14 3.4. Perubahan Struktur Kromosom......................................16 3.5. Perubahan Jumlah Kromosom........................................18 BAB IV PEWARISAN SITOPLASMATIS.......................................23 4.1. Pewarisan Sitoplasmis...................................................23 4.1.1. Mutasi Gen (Point Mutation)..................................24 4.1.2. Mutasi Kromosom...................................................25 4.2. Mutasi Alami dan Mutasi Buatan....................................25 4.3. Implikasi Mutasi Alami dan Buatan................................26 BAB V REPLIKASI DNA DAN PEMBELAHAN SEL......................28 5.1. Fungsi DNA sebagai Materi Genetik..............................28 5.2. Mekanisme Replikasi Semikonservatif..........................28 5.3. Replikasi pada Kedua Untai DNA..................................30 5.4. Replikasi DNA Eukariot................................................30 5.5. Pembelahan Sel sebagai Pelaksanaan Pewarisan Sifat....32 BAB VI SIKLUS SEL.....................................................................34 6.1. Interfase...........................................................................34 6.2. Mitosis..............................................................................36 BAB VII MEIOSIS DAN GAMETOGENESIS..................................41 7.1. Meiosis.............................................................................41 7.2. Tahap-Tahap Meiosis.......................................................42 7.3. Gametogenesis pada Hewan.........................................45 7.4. Spermatogenesis.............................................................46 7.5. Oogenesis........................................................................49 BAB VIII TEKNIK PREPARASI KROMOSOM.................................54 8.1. Preparasi Kromosom Tumbuhan.....................................54 8.1.1. Metode Squash........................................................55 8.1.2. Aplikasi Metode Squash..........................................57 8.2. Preparasi Kromosom pada Hewan..................................62 8.2.1. Ikan Kepala Timah...................................................62 8.2.2. Ular...........................................................................67 8.2.3. Belut Sawah (Monopterus albus)............................72 BAB IX KARYOTYPE....................................................................75 9.1. Teknik Flow Cytometry....................................................79 9.2. Cara Kerja Flow Cytometry.............................................82 BAB X KARAKTERISASI KROMOSOM.......................................83 10.1. Karakterisasi Kromosom................................................83 10.2. Pengukuran Kromosom Menggunakan AutoCAD Map 2000.........................................................................85 10.3. Kalibrasi Skala/Objek Mikrometer..................................86 10.4. Mengukur Panjang Objek pada Foto.............................87 10.5. Pembuatan Karyotype dan Idiogram............................109 DAFTAR PUSTAKA.......................................................................131 GLOSARIUM................................................................................136 TENTANG PENULIS......................................................................139

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Series Title

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Call Number

572.8 ARI k

Publisher

Yogyakarta : Universitas Gadjah Mada., 2018

Collation

152 halaman : 23 cm

Language

Indonesia

ISBN/ISSN

9789794209981

Classification

572.8

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Edition

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Subject(s)

biologi
Kromosom

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